For an m-by-n matrix A with m >= n, the singular value decomposition is an m-by-n orthogonal matrix U, an n-by-n diagonal matrix S, and an n-by-n orthogonal matrix V so that A = U*S*V'.

The singular values, sigma[k] = S[k, k], are ordered so that sigma[0] >= sigma[1] >= ... >= sigma[n-1].

The singular value decompostion always exists, so the constructor will never fail. The matrix condition number and the effective numerical rank can be computed from this decomposition.